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IntroductionVietnam Information
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On
November 7, 2003, UNESCO bestowed world heritage status on 28 relics of
nations as masterpieces of oral and intangible heritage of humanity.
Among the 11 masterpieces of Asia, nha nhac (royal music) represents the
first intangible legacy of Vietnam to have been put on this list.
Young
people now enjoy new music that comes to them from the radio,
television, audio and video tapes, as well as compact discs. So, do they
still show any attachment to the old folk tunes so loved by their
elders, such as the melodies of ca tru? Ca tru is a musical genre
that calls for expertise as well as sensibility on the part of the
listeners. In return, it provides the most refined enjoyment.
The birth place of quan ho folk
songs is Bac Ninh Province. During village festivals, which are held
every year, particularly in spring, young men and women gather in the
yard of a communal house or pagoda, on a hill or in a rowing boat, and
sing quan ho. This is a style of singing where songs alternate from group to group.
Vietnamese
water puppetry has a long history. An inscription on a stone stele in
Doi Pagoda, Duy Tien District, Nam Ha Province, relates a water puppet
show staged in the year 1121 to mark a birthday of King Ly Nhan Tong in
4036 words.
Cheo is a form of stage performance that originated in the northern countryside. The word cheo means “lyrics of folk ballads, proverbs”.
Cai luong is a kind of folk music that developed
in the early 20th century. It was first played by amateurs in the south. Thanks
to their soft voices, southerners sing cai luong very
romantically.
Tuong, also called hat boi
in the south, is a stage performance that came about during the Ly-Tran
dynasties and that became very popular nationwide during the following
centuries.
Hat van or hat chau van,
a traditional folk art which combines singing and dancing, is a
religious form of art used for extolling the merits of beneficent
deities or deified national heroes. Its music and poetry are mingled
with a variety of rhythms, pauses, tempos, stresses and pitches.
The then
song is the religious music of the Tay, Nung minorities. This type of
song can be considered a religious performance of Long Poems which
depict a journey to the heavens to ask the Jade Emperor to settle
trouble for the head of the household.
Chamber
music originated from royal music at the beginning of the 19th century
in the Nguyen Dynasty. It was well developed by the time of King Tu Duc.
The ly
song is one of the special folk songs of the Vietnamese people. It is
sung in the northern, central and southern regions of Vietnam.
Gongs
are musical instruments made of alloy bronze, sometimes with gold,
silver, or black bronze added to their composition. In the Kinh
language, the word cong identifies convex gongs and the word chieng refers to the flat ones. Gongs vary in size from 20 to 120cm in diameter.
The
lithophone is a set of stone slabs of different sizes and shapes
fabricated through an elementary technique. These stones are available
in the mountainous areas south of Central Vietnam and east of South
Vietnam.
T'rung is one
of the popular musical instruments closely associated with the
spiritual life of the Ba Na, Xo Dang, Gia Rai, E De and other ethnic
minority people in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
The
36-string zither is a percussion instrument. It has the shape of an
isosceles trapezoid, with a slightly convex sound board made of light,
porous, unvarnished wood.
The tranh zither is also called the thap luc cam or sixteen-stringed zither. The tranh zither appeared in Vietnam in the time of the Tran dynasty (12th-13th centuries).
According
to ancient carvings, the moon-shaped lute appeared in Vietnam in the
11th century. Intended to be played by men, the lute has maintained a
very important position in the musical traditions of the Kinh.
Therefore, this instrument is widely used in their folk, court, and
academic music.
Dan nhi is a simple instrument that can achieve miracles. A folksong of the north, a lullaby of the centre, or a cai luong aria of the south will lose much of its charm if not accompanied by the dan nhi, a traditional instrument capable of a great variety of expression.
This
term, popular among the Ba Na and the E De, is used to name the
single-stringed fiddle played by some ethnic groups in the Truong
Son-Tay Nguyen region (Ba Na, Gia Rai, E De, Xo Dang, Pako, and Hre,
etc.).
In the past, the dan day was an accompanying instrument used only for one genre of songs, which later divided in two variants known today as hat cua dinh and hat a dao.
Dan bau
The xam
song is one kind of song that was created by the Vietnamese a long time
ago, and which is considered a very special performance. People used to
walk in a group of two to three or four to five and sing, mainly in
residential areas such as a parking lot, a ferry-landing, or a market
gate.
The t
It is impossible to be without this kind of traditional music at a Khmer wedding reception in the South of Vietnam.
The khen is a musical instrument used by the Mong ethnic minority, who call it the kenh, while the Viet gave it the name Mong Khen (previously Meo Khen). The E De ethnic minority in the Central Highlands use a similar instrument called Ding Nam.
This musical instrument was intended for women. The name klong put
of Xo Dang origin has become the common name of this woodwind musical
instruments depicted to the right. It is played by ethnic groups in Tay
Nguyen, such as the Xo Dang, Ba Na, Gia Rai, Hre, etc.
This
type of music is played in military dance ceremonies. The Tay Son
Military Music originated in Binh Dinh Province, a place famous for its
practice of martial arts.
The trong com
(rice drum) gets its name from the practice of placing a pinch of hot
steamed rice in the middle of the drum skin to "tune" the instrument.
Sao
is usually used to designate a vertical bamboo flute pierced with
finger holes. However, this term is often used by ethnic minorities to
describe several woodwind instruments that are quite different in
structure (single or double flutes, with or without a reed, with or
without finger-holes, etc.) and in how to hold them.
Bún Bò Huế Vĩ Dạ
Địa chỉ: 15 Xô Viết Nghệ Tĩnh, Ninh Kiều, Cần Thơ
Giấy chứng nhận đăng ký hộ kinh doanh số: 57A8014981 do UBND Quận Ninh Kiều cấp phép.
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