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Later Tran Dynasty (1407-1413) |
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The
oppressive occupation soon triggered fierce resistance. As early as the
end of 1407, many uprisings began to occur. A descendant of the Tran
Dynasty proclaimed himself king in 1407, taking the name Gian Dinh and
setting up his headquarters in Nghe An Province.
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In
late 1408, his army marched on the capital, attracting enthusiastic
crowds of supporters along the way. Gian Dinh defeated the Ming forces
at Bo Co in Nam Dinh Province,
but the resistance was weakened by internal dissension due to the
murder by Gian Dinh of his able lieutenants Dang Tat and Nguyen Canh
Chan, whose sons and followers rallied around another Tran prince, Quy
Khoang, in 1409. Starting from Ha Tinh, the movement then spread to
other provinces.
Meanwhile,
47,000 reinforcements allowed the Ming general Truong Phu to launch an
offensive and push the insurgents back to Nghe An. In 1410, hostilities
between the Ming court and Mongols made it possible for Quy Khoang to
reoccupy Thanh Hoa; however, in 1411, having defeated the Mongols, the
Ming counter-attacked and in 1413 drove the insurgents back to the
southern provinces. Early in 1411, the latter's leaders were captured.
The Tran princes and aristocrats had proved themselves incapable of
providing effective leadership for the resistance, which finally
achieved victory under the leadership of a commoner, Le Loi. | |
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